Multiple intelligences is a controversial theory that suggests that intelligence is not a single general ability. Instead, it's made up of several distinct types of intelligences. This idea was introduced by Howard Gardner in 1983. He argued that traditional definitions of intelligence, like IQ tests, focus too much on math and language skills. Gardner believed that understanding a wider range of abilities could better reflect the diverse ways people interact with the world. The eight multiple intelligences are: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic.