Based on a Review Article by Drs. Frederica Perera and Kari Nadeau (Climate Change, Fossil-Fuel Pollution, and Children’s Health, in the June 16, 2022 issue, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra2117706 ), this instructional video focuses on five key ways in which fossil fuels, air pollution, and climate change are creating a long-lasting negative impact on infant and children’s health: extreme heat, climate-intensified events, changes in air quality, disruptions in food and water supply, and changes in vector ecology. Physicians play an important role in caring for children and pregnant persons affected by these changes. Physicians also can spread awareness of climate change and engage in advocacy to improve health and equity. The _New England Journal of Medicine_ is the world’s leading general medical journal. Continuously published for over 200 years, NEJM publishes peer-reviewed research along with interactive clinical content for physicians, educators, and the global medical community at https://NEJM.org. 00:00 Introduction 00:51 Extreme Heat 01:26 Climate-Intensified Extreme Events 02:03 Air Quality: Wildfire Smoke and Aeroallergens 03:00 Food and Water Supply and Safety 04:00 Changes in Vector Ecology 05:00 Air Pollution 06:28 Conclusion #climatechange #pediatrics