📞 For student enquiries & admissions, contact: 📌 Avis Poppen - Admissions & Administration Head: 9526295872 📌 Sebastian: 9526616782 Join Whatsapp Study group: https://chat.whatsapp.com/HCfyh4cjoq5AdrV4VHAebw Lesson I – Personality Theories: Understanding Individual Differences in Behaviour, Emotion, and Cognition Prepared by: Sebastian Christy Lesson Overview ✅ Objective: Explore major approaches to personality and how they explain individual differences. ✅ Scope: Covers various theoretical perspectives, with a detailed focus on Trait Theories. ✅ Importance: Personality theories are essential in psychology, counselling, career assessments, and understanding human behaviour. Approaches to Personality Theories & Key Questions 🔹 Who proposed the metaphor of "man-the-scientist" in personality theory? → George A. Kelly 🔹 Who introduced the interaction model of personality? → Kurt Lewin 🔹 What is the role of a client-centered therapist? → Creating a safe atmosphere for clients to express feelings 🔹 Who introduced moral therapy and reformed French mental institutions? → Philippe Pinel 🔹 Systematic desensitisation is most effective for treating? → Phobias 🔹 Which theorist influenced the functional approach to social work? → Otto Rank 🔹 Learning through rewards and punishment is called? → Operant Conditioning 🔹 Who developed Family Systems Theory? → Murray Bowen These concepts help us understand different perspectives on personality development, including Trait, Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Behavioural, and Cognitive theories. Key Theories Covered 📌 Trait Theory: Personality is a stable set of measurable traits. 📌 Psychodynamic Theory: Personality is shaped by unconscious conflicts (Freud, Jung, Erikson). 📌 Humanistic Theory: Focuses on self-growth and free will (Maslow, Rogers). 📌 Behavioural Theory: Personality is shaped by learning and conditioning (Skinner, Watson, Bandura). 📌 Cognitive Theory: Emphasizes thought processes and problem-solving (Piaget, Bandura). Deep Dive into Trait Theory – Gordon Allport ✔ Three Levels of Traits: Cardinal Traits – Dominate a person’s life (e.g., Gandhi’s non-violence). Central Traits – Core personality traits (e.g., honesty, sociability). Secondary Traits – Situational traits (e.g., stage fright). ✔ Functional Autonomy of Motives: Behaviours that were initially driven by external rewards become self-sustaining over time. ✔ Proprium (The Self): The evolving sense of identity throughout life. ✔ Idiographic vs. Nomothetic Approaches: Allport focused on individual uniqueness rather than generalising personality into categories. Why This Matters? 📍 Helps in personality assessment & career guidance. 📍 Essential for therapy and counselling. 📍 Explains behavioural patterns and human motivation. 🎯 Stay tuned for more lessons on personality psychology! 💬 Drop your questions in the comments! 🔍 SEO Keywords: personality theories, trait theory, Gordon Allport, personality psychology, individual differences, human behaviour, psychology lecture, personality development, trait approach, personality assessment, operant conditioning, cognitive psychology, behavioural psychology, psychodynamic theory, self-concept, personality traits.