Advanced Geoscience Remote Sensing Online Course https://giladjames.com Section: Simulation of Tsunami Impact on Sea Surface Salinity along Banda Aceh Coastal Waters, Indonesia Lesson: Definitions of tsunami Advanced Geoscience Remote Sensing. This course is brought to you by Gilad James Mystery School. Learn more at Gilad James.com. Introduction Constantly later the catastrophe of the Indian Ocean tsunami of Boxing Day 2004, research in tsunami geoscience has augmented evidently. Scientists have attempted to comprehend the mechanisms of the wide scale of the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. Nevertheless, with great efforts done by scientists since Boxing day 2004, the Japanese tsunami with great disaster occurred. However, on March 11, 2011, a magnitude of Mw 9.0 earthquake struck off the coast of Honshu, Japan, sparking a tsunami that not only devastated the island nation, but also caused destruction and fatalities in other parts of the world, including Pacific islands and the United State (U.S.) West Coast . Initial reports were eerily similar to those on December 26, 2004, when a massive underwater earthquake off the coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island rattled the Earth in its orbit. The 2004 quake, with a magnitude of Mw 9.1, was the largest one since 1964. But as in Japan, the most powerful and destructive aftermath of this massive earthquake was the tsunami that it caused. The death toll reached higher than 220,000 . It is well known that the tsunami is the natural phenomena consisting of a series of waves generated when the waves are rapidly displaced on a massive scale. Tsunami (pronounced soo-NAH-mee) is a Japanese word which is meaning harbor (‘tsu”) and wave (“nami”). Tsunamis are fairly common in Japan and many thousands of Japanese have been killed by them in recent centuries. In this context, the term was coined by fishermen who returned to port to find the area surrounding the harbor devastated, in spite they had not been aware of any wave on high seas . Haugen et al., stated that tsunamis are long waves set in motion by an impulsive perturbation of the sea, intermediate between tides and swell waves in the spectrum of gravity water waves. Subsequently, Zahibo et al., defined tsunami waves as surface gravity waves that occur in the ocean as the result of large-scale short-term perturbations (underwater earthquakes, eruptions of underwater volcanoes, landslides, rock falls, pyroclastic avalanche from land volcanoes entered in water, asteroid impact, and underwater explosions. In earlier times, seismic ocean waves were called “tidal” waves, incorrectly implying that they had some direct connection to the tides. In fact, when the tsunami approach coastal zone they began to characterize by a violent onrushing tidal rather than the sort of cresting waves that are generated by wind stress upon the sea surface. However, to eliminate this confusing the Japanese word “tsunami is used to describe the giant wave ( ) in which is referring to a seismic wave and meaning harbor wave to replace the misleading term tidal wave. This tsunami is a synonym for seismic sea wave. In this regard, a tsunami is a seismic sea wave containing tremendous amounts of energy as a result of its mode of formation i.e. the factor that causing a seismic wave. Therefore, tsunamis are temporary oscillations of sea level with periods longer than wind, waves and shorter than tides for the tsunami, and shorter than a few days of storm surge . Giant Tsunami Wave . The physical parameters of duration, length, propagation speed, and heights are the keys description of tsunami. In this regard, tsunamis have duration is ranged between 5 to 100 minutes. They have long length which is ranged between100 m to1000 km. Further, tsunami propagation speed is between 1 to 200 m/s, and their heights can be up to tens of meters. Therefore, Zahibo et al., stated that tsunami waves of the seismic origin are usually very long (50–1000 km). In this context, the source of the giant 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean (magnitude of Mw 9.0–9.3) has approximated dimensions: (i) length; (ii) 670 km; (iii) width 150 km; and (iv) height 12 m . This means that a tsun #advanced #geoscience #remote #sensing