Tsunamis, triggered by underwater disturbances like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or underwater landslides, occur through a multi-step process. These powerful ocean waves begin with an initial trigger, such as a significant earthquake. The energy released propagates through the water, creating high-speed waves that radiate outward across the ocean. As tsunamis approach shallow coastal areas, their speed diminishes while their height and energy increase. Upon reaching the coastline, the leading edge of the tsunami causes rapid and forceful flooding. The extent of the flooding depends on factors such as initial wave size, coastal topography, and local bathymetry. Tsunamis, distinguished by longer wavelengths and the ability to traverse ocean basins, necessitate early warning systems, preparedness, and timely evacuation to mitigate their impact on vulnerable coastal areas.