يشرح هذا المقطع من تاريخ الفكر الاقتصادي ما يُسمى العقيدة التجارية، أو الميركينتالية Mercantalism or Commercial Capitalism #Mercantilism and commercial capitalism were two economic systems that emerged during the early modern period in Europe. Mercantilism was an economic theory that emerged in the 16th century and became prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries. It emphasized the importance of a country's trade surplus, or the amount of exports exceeding imports, as a means of accumulating wealth and power. Mercantilist policies included tariffs on imported goods, subsidies to domestic industries, and the establishment of colonies to provide raw materials and serve as captive markets for manufactured goods. The goal was to increase exports and reduce imports in order to generate a favorable balance of trade. #Commercial #capitalism, on the other hand, was a system that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries and was characterized by the rise of a new class of merchants and entrepreneurs who engaged in trade and commerce for profit. Unlike mercantilism, commercial capitalism was not focused on government intervention and regulation of trade, but rather on the pursuit of individual profit through the exchange of goods and services. The rise of commercial capitalism was fueled by factors such as the growth of international trade, the development of new technologies and transportation systems, and the expansion of markets. While mercantilism and commercial capitalism had different goals and approaches, both contributed to the economic development of Europe during the early modern period. Mercantilism helped to establish the foundations of modern international trade and provided the financial resources necessary for industrialization, while commercial capitalism fostered the growth of market economies and the expansion of trade and commerce.