Lecture in the C-STAR series, delivered by Anne Billot, PhD (Harvard University), on November 15th, 2024. Dr. Billot's page at researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne-Billot-2 Full abstract: Leveraging precision fMRI and TMS for understanding and modulating brain network plasticity Neuroplasticity is key to understanding how the human brain adapts following disruptions such as aging and stroke. In this talk, I will first present how “precision fMRI” enhances our understanding of distinct patterns of adaptation in the language and cognitive control networks, and I will discuss how these neural changes relate to cognitive performance. I will then present a neuromodulation approach that enables the selective engagement of distinct functional networks at the individual level with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This approach combines precision network mapping and electric field (E-field) optimization in an automated pipeline to assess network-level effects of TMS protocols. This talk discusses future directions to guide clinical neurostimulation decisions within individuals and enhance clinical outcomes.